THE YIELD OF TOMATOES DEPENDING ON THE METHOD OF PLANT FORMATION
Keywords:
tomato, tomato varieties, plant formation, yield, fruit quality, early ripening, determinant tomato.Abstract
The method of tomato plant formation is one of the most important agrotechnical practices that directly affects crop yield, fruit quality, and overall plant performance. Monitoring the growth and development of tomato plants is a key component of modern vegetable cultivation technologies. Proper plant formation helps regulate vegetative growth, ensures balanced assimilation of nutrients, and improves the fruiting process. According to A. Borisov and O. Ganichkin, plant formation is a major factor controlling the development, productivity, and quality of tomato plants. Correctly formed plants develop a strong root system, efficiently utilize available nutrients, and maintain optimal canopy structure for better air circulation and light penetration, creating favorable conditions for flowering, fruit set, and ripening.
Tomato plants can be formed using different techniques, such as maintaining a single main stem, two stems, or selective retention of lateral shoots, each of which can significantly influence plant growth dynamics, yield, and fruit characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of various plant formation methods on determinant tomato varieties grown under the soil and climatic conditions of the Irtysh region. Over a three-year period (2023–2025), the impact of four formation techniques on yield, fruit weight, dry matter content, and nitrate accumulation was assessed for two early-ripening determinant varieties, Ranniy-83 and Dubrava.
The results showed that both variety and formation method significantly affected tomato productivity and fruit quality. Among the tested techniques, the selective retention of a single lateral shoot under the first flower cluster (second main stem pruning) provided the highest yields and improved fruit weight for both varieties. Fruits from pruned plants also exhibited higher uniformity and quality, while nitrate levels remained below permissible limits in all experimental variants. The findings highlight the importance of combining appropriate variety selection with optimized plant formation methods to maximize yield, enhance fruit quality, and
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