STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT COVERING MATERIALS ON THE WINTERING OF THE ALIGOTE GRAPE VARIETY

Abstract

To protect grapevines from cold in the southeastern regions, they are covered with a layer of soil. In order for the shoots to withstand winter frosts well, the height of the soil cover should be 30–35 cm. However, this method requires significant financial costs. In farms and agricultural enterprises engaged in viticulture, the task is to determine which agrotechnical method is most effective for protecting grapevines from cold, using alternative covering materials, in order to reduce production costs. The preservation of grape buds during winter, i.e., their protection from freezing, is one of the key factors influencing the yield of the following year.

This study is dedicated to comparing the phenological phases and yield indicators of the Aligoté grape variety using various agrotechnical methods. According to the results, in the experimental variants, bud break and flowering phases began 2–5 days later than in the control, while full berry ripening occurred 4–10 days earlier. The bud survival rate in the variant covered with plant residues was 89%, significantly higher compared to the control (47.6%). In terms of yield, the variant with plant residue cover produced 25 centners/ha more, and the variant covered with reeds produced 10 centners/ha more compared to the control. Additionally, the commercial quality of the produce was higher in these variants. From an economic perspective, the plant residue variant showed the best results in profitability (109%) and net profit (60,800 tenge). Overall, the study results confirm the high agrotechnical and economic efficiency of covering grapevines with plant residues.