RESULTS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BIOLOGICAL POLLINATION OF SUNFLOWER AND RAPESEED BY CARNICA BEES
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опыление, пчёлы, урожайностьAbstract
The article presents the results of comprehensive field and laboratory studies on the impact of
intensive biological pollination by bees of the Carniolan breed (Apis mellifera carnica) on the yield of
the Pioneer P63LE10 sunflower hybrid and the Abiliti spring rapeseed variety under the conditions of a
sharply continental climate in the Abai region. The results show that the density of bee colonies
significantly affects sunflower yield: when 2 bee colonies per hectare were used, yield increased by
1.6–1.7 times compared to the variants with 1 colony per hectare or limited access to pollinators; in
rapeseed experiments, the yield increase amounted to 31.5%. The oil content of sunflower seeds
increased by 5% under more intensive pollination. In addition, the main agrochemical factors influencing
crop productivity were identified, and optimal parameters for the formation of bee colonies as well as
veterinary and preventive measures were proposed to improve pollination efficiency. Furthermore, the
influence of weather conditions, flowering periods, and insect activity on the effectiveness of cross
pollination was established, which allows recommending an integrated approach to agrocenosis
management and improving the sustainability of agricultural production in the region and agricultural
practice, ensuring the stability and efficiency of agrotechnologies.
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