THE EFFECT OF SEED QUALITY ON CROP YIELDS

Abstract

In modern agricultural production, one of the main prerequisites for obtaining high and stable products is the effective use of high-quality seed material. The physiological, biological and economic quality of seeds directly affects the germination rate of plants, the uniform formation of crops, the initial rate of development and the realization of the potential of subsequent productivity. The main purpose of the study is to identify the main indicators of seed quality that affect crop yields, including wheat, and to assess their practical significance based on scientific and statistical data. Methods of scientific literature analysis, comparative evaluation, systematization of statistical data and generalization of published research results were used in the work. According to the official data of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2025, 2.3 million tons of seeds were prepared for the sowing campaign, 99% of the tested seeds were found to be conditioned. In scientific studies, the germination rate of coarse-grained wheat seeds reached 90.26%, and in some food variants, the germination rate was 94.74%. The results obtained indicate that a preliminary assessment of seed quality, the use of highly reproducible seeds and compliance with their storage technology are important conditions for increasing crop yields.