ASSESSMENT OF LAND DEGRADATION IN THE ESEBOLATOV RURAL DISTRICT OF AKSU DISTRICT, ZHETISU REGION, AND THE MAIN DIRECTIONS FOR LAND IMPROVEMENT
Keywords:
land degradation, soil, water erosion, salinization, eroded soils, soil fertility, land reclamation.Abstract
The article presents the results of an assessment of land degradation in the Esebolatov rural district of Aksu district, Zhetisu Region. The total surveyed area is 24,274.1 ha. Land without identified negative characteristics occupies 4,167.9 ha, or 17.2% of the total area. Stony land accounts for 8,257.4 ha (34.0%), eroded land for 5,907.8 ha (24.34%), saline land for 4,471.7 ha (18.42%), waterlogged land for 721.9 ha (3.0%), marshy land for 226.1 ha (0.93%), and solonetzic land for 177.8 ha (0.7%). The results indicate that stoniness, water erosion and salinization are the major factors limiting agricultural land use within the study area. The development of water erosion is associated with sloping terrain and the occurrence of loess-like loams susceptible to erosion. In depressions and river floodplains, shallow groundwater influences hydromorphic soil processes and salinization. Improvement of degraded land requires an integrated system of organizational, agrotechnical, agro-meliorative, forest-meliorative and hydrotechnical measures. Priority measures include soil-protective crop rotations, perennial grasses, erosion-control tillage, regulation of surface runoff, rational pasture rotation and periodic monitoring of land quality.
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