COMPREHENSIVE PREVENTION OF ANTHRAX IN DISEASE-ENDEMIC REGIONS
Keywords:
anthrax, Bacillus anthracis, prevention, vaccination, epizootology, endemic region, One Health, veterinary biosecurity.Abstract
The article examines theoretical and practical aspects of comprehensive prevention of anthrax in regions with recurrent disease foci. The results of epizootological surveys conducted in peasant and farm enterprises located in an anthrax-endemic region during 2023–2025 are presented. Environmental, epizootological, and organizational risk factors are identified, and the effectiveness of existing organizational, methodological, and vaccination programs is assessed. Based on the analysis of outbreak control practices and international experience, an adapted model of integrated anti-epizootic measures is proposed, including regular animal vaccination, monitoring of natural foci, training of herders and landowners, controlled carcass disposal systems, environmental surveillance, and enhanced intersectoral cooperation. It is demonstrated that only the integration of sanitary control measures, targeted immunization programs, and strategies to reduce contact between humans, animals, and natural reservoirs of spores can significantly decrease the incidence of anthrax outbreaks. Recommendations are provided for optimizing preventive programs under resource-limited conditions, as well as mechanisms for evaluating their effectiveness. The obtained data are of practical value for veterinary services, public health authorities, and agricultural enterprise management in regions with an increased risk of anthrax.
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