DIAGNOSIS AND PREVENTION OF FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE IN CATTLE
Keywords:
foot-and-mouth disease, cattle, epizootology, diagnosis, prevention, vaccination, PCR diagnostics, veterinary controlAbstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in cattle is one of the most dangerous and highly contagious infectious diseases, causing significant economic losses in livestock production worldwide. This study, conducted in farms of the Abai region during 2024–2025, aimed to comprehensively assess the epizootic situation, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and effectiveness of preventive measures. Clinical observation, epizootological analysis, serological tests, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnostics were applied. Findings showed that young cattle experienced severe disease, while adult animals exhibited decreased productivity. The most common clinical signs included oral and limb lesions, lameness, reduced milk yield, and general weakness. Epizootological analysis considered animal movement, vaccination schedules, quarantine measures, veterinary supervision, sanitary-hygienic practices, and feed quality. Biannual vaccination proved to be the most effective, achieving 90% protection. Quarantine of newly introduced animals, regular disinfection, systematic veterinary monitoring, and feed control provided additional safety. These results offer practical guidance for veterinarians and farm managers to implement timely diagnosis, preventive programs, vaccination planning, and comprehensive measures, ensuring epizootic control, reducing economic losses, maintaining herd health, and supporting sustainable livestock production in the region.
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