CANINE ECHINOCOCCOSIS: EPIZOOTIOLOGICAL FEATURES, PATHOGENESIS, DIAGNOSTICS, AND PREVENTION
Keywords:
Echinococcosis, Echinococcus granulosus, dogs, epizootology, diagnostics, preventionAbstract
Abstract
Canine echinococcosis is one of the most significant zoonotic biogelminthiases, posing a serious threat to both veterinary medicine and public health. The disease is caused by cestodes of the genus Echinococcus, whose larval stages parasitize the internal organs of herbivorous and some omnivorous animals, as well as humans. Under natural conditions, the epizootic cycle of echinococcosis occurs according to the “predator–herbivore” system. Dogs, as the main definitive hosts, harbor the sexually mature stage of the parasite in their intestines and excrete infective eggs into the environment with feces, thereby contributing to the persistence and spread of the disease.
The article describes in detail the morphological and biological characteristics of the echinococcal pathogen and its resistance to environmental factors. The epizootology of canine echinococcosis, transmission routes, pathogenesis, and features of the often subclinical course of the disease are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to modern diagnostic methods, including coprological and serological techniques. In addition, the main preventive measures against echinococcosis in dogs are discussed, emphasizing the importance of regular deworming, sanitary education, and the implementation of comprehensive preventive programs.
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