EPIZOOTIC SITUATION ANTHRAX IN EAST KAZAKHSTAN REGION
Keywords:
anthrax, animal burial site, epidemic focus, coordinates, zoonotic diseaseAbstract
Anthrax remains one of the most dangerous zoonotic infections affecting livestock and humans worldwide. The pathogen Bacillus anthracis is characterized by exceptional environmental persistence due to its ability to form spores that can remain viable in soil for several decades. Kazakhstan is historically endemic for anthrax, and the East Kazakhstan Region is among the areas with the highest concentration of burial sites of animals that died from the disease. This expanded manuscript provides a comprehensive analysis of the epizootic situation of anthrax in the region by integrating historical archival records, veterinary cadastres, field inspection reports, and modern scientific findings. A total of 275 anthrax burial sites were identified across 17 districts; 257 (93%) of these sites were confirmed, while 18 remain unverified, posing significant epidemiological risks. Results indicate that environmental conditions, incomplete documentation, climate variability, and land-use disturbances substantially increase the probability of anthrax reactivation. The paper emphasizes the need for systematic preventive measures, including annual vaccination, GIS-based cadastre modernization, and environmental monitoring, to reduce the risk of future outbreaks.
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Copyright presupposes the integrity and responsibility of each co-author who made a significant contribution to the writing of the article.
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